Initialism of logarithm of odds. A measure of likelihood calculated by taking the log of the ratio of the probability of a hypothesis being true given the observed data over the probability that the hypothesis is false.
"The lab results showed no contaminants, but the reported value was actually just the lod for their testing equipment."
Initialism of level of detail.
Limit of detection; the smallest concentration that can be detected using a specific method.
A city in Israel
"The developer added a comment explaining that the method call violated LOD, or the Law of Demeter."
Initialism of Law of Demeter.