Arabic has 4 different meanings across 3 categories:
Noun · Adjective · Proper Noun
the Semitic language of the Arabs; spoken in a variety of dialects
"The traveler spoke fluent Arabic, navigating through markets where various local dialects were heard alongside the standard tongue."
Related to the Arabic language.
"The library contains many books written in beautiful Arabic script."
In plain English: Arabic describes something related to Arabic, which is both a widely spoken language and an ancient culture from countries around the Middle East.
"She ordered an Arabic coffee at the local café."
A major Semitic language originating from the Arabian peninsula, and now spoken natively (in various spoken dialects, all sharing a single highly conservative standardized literary form) throughout large sections of the Middle East and North Africa.
"Arabic is a major Semitic language that originated on the Arabian peninsula before spreading to become widely spoken across the Middle East and North Africa."
The word comes from the Latin arabicus and Ancient Greek Arabikos, which were formed by adding an adjective suffix to the name for an Arab person. That original name was borrowed directly from Arabic.